BI 149 Cancer
Biology
Locating sources for your lab report
Primary and secondary literature in Biology
Scientists advance knowledge by writing up and publishing the results of their research. Their write-ups are generally in standardized scientific format; they usually seek to publish these write-ups in peer-reviewed journals. Scientists' original reports of the research are known as primary literature.
Literature that is derived from the primary literature is known as secondary literature. Secondary literature may include scholarly reviews of the primary literature; articles in magazines or journals that summarize primary reports (either for scientists or for the general public); books, textbooks, websites, or encyclopedia entries that summarize what is known about a particular topic; etc.
Secondary literature is useful for understanding the broad contours of a topic, for understanding how research on a topic may have evolved, and for tapping into some of the more important primary sources. But the primary literature is key to understanding research related to your own experiment. Thus, for your lab report, you will focus on locating primary literature.
To locate primary literature:
Use the following databases, which are specific to
the biological sciences.
All are listed under the BSC Library's Indexes & Databases.
General Science Full Text (1984- ) Includes primary and secondary literature, some full text
PubMed (1950s- ) Provide access to citations and some full text from the biomedical literature.
You can also search CancerLit - a subset of PubMed
HighWire (1948- ) Enables keyword searching of over 350 science journals (plus PubMed)
Wiley InterScience (1998- ) Covers biological, earth, and other sciences - all full text articles
BasicBIOSIS (2000- ) Covers 375 core life science journals (password required).
To see if a journal or magazine is available full-text, in print, or in microfilm at BSC:
Consult Periodicals
@ BSC,
a comprehensive list of journals and magazines available in all formats.
Current issues of journals are in alphabetical order on the Main Floor.
Back issues are in alphabetical order on the Ground Floor, either bound or on microfilm.
Full text articles from many journals are available online - see Periodicals @ BSC.
If the book or journal you need is not available at BSC:
Use Interlibrary Loan service (order forms are under Library Request Forms)
To locate relevant websites :
Use a general search engine, such as Google, Google Scholar, or AllTheWeb to search the Web.
Use a science-specific search engine or directory, such as science.gov or Scirus (http://www.scirus.com/).
Use scientific terminology in your searches, and evaluate sites carefully! Guidelines are available here.
Citing the literature:
As you read the primary literature, you will notice that the authors always include a list of references at the end. Of course, you will want to do the same in your lab report! If you have questions about citation style:
Consult The Everyday Writer, available in the Bookstore and in the Library (Ready Ref. PE1408 .L86 2005).
The CSE (Council of Science Editors) manual of Scientific Style and Format is a useful source of information on scientific style (Ready Ref. T11 .S386 1994)
Bedford-St. Martin's also offers basic documentation tips online at http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/citex.html.